Main title

Subtitle (if available)

Anders Andersson1 and Anna Annasson2

1Linköpings universitet, Devision and Department, Sweden namn.namn@liu.se

2Company. City, Contry

Abstract

This template may be used for articles in journals or conference articles. Differences may occur, of course, and this template is only a guide how it may appear.

Keywords

Write the keywords here

Introduction

The goal of this template is to achieve uniformity in the papers appearing at www.ep.liu.se. The typography, layout and style used in these instructions are the same you should use when preparing your paper for publishing an article in a journal, conference proceeding etc. The template explains how to prepare an electronic publishing version as well as a camera-ready version.

Identifying your paper

Paper title and authors

The paper title and authors should be exactly in the format as indicated in this template. Authors should be written with the full name (e.g. Peter. Berkesand, not P. Berkesand). Do not use academic titles. (Prof. Dr. etc.). If more than one author make it clear which author belongs to the right affiliation. See example above.

Page numbers

Use page numbers as shown in this template.

Setting Up Your PapeR

Text area

The manuscript must fit within the required margins. Do not use fonts without serifs like Arial, Helvetica etc. in the text area.

Title area

Put the title directly under the top margin. The title should be in 12 point bold centred. Use capitals as indicated in the title of this example. The first word of the title and all major words must start with a capital. The author section should be in Times, Times Roman or Times New Roman 10 point normal. In general all text in the body must be written with a font with serifs.

Abstract

Your abstract should not exceed 100 words. It should provide a brief summary of the contents of your paper. Begin by typing your abstract about 4 cm (1.58 in) from the top margin. It should be centred across the page, indented 1,2 cm (0.47 in) from the left and right margins and justified. The word Abstract should be typed in 9 point bold font. The body of the abstract should be in Times, Times Roman, Times New Roman 10 point normal.

Keywords

Select 3–5 keywords that can be used to identify the subject of your paper.

Type the keywords below the abstract, using the same format. Leave one carriage return between the abstract and the keywords.

Paper body

Use a two-column format, and set the spacing between the columns at 9,5 mm (0.37 in), so that column width is 83 mm (3.23 in).

Font and line spacing

Preferably papers are prepared on PC/MS Windows and Mac computers. If you use OpenOffice make sure the document preparations are the same as describe here. Do not use fonts with no serifs like Arial, Helvetica etc. in the text area. Only headlines may be written with Arial 10 point bold. The general rule is: DO NOT USE OTHER FONTS. (Papers prepared on other computers on which Arial is not available, use Helvetica (or Geneva) 10 point or a similar 9 point san serif font.) This template is printed in Times New Roman 10 point. Embed all fonts in particular those in the pictures!

The line spacing should be set at single spacing ‘at least 10 points’. Leave 3 points after each paragraph. Justify the text on both the left and the right margins.

Headings and heading spacing

We recommend using no more than three levels of headings, indicated in these instructions as Heading 1, Heading 2 and Heading 3. The styles for these headings are included in this Word template and are summarised in Table 2 below.

Avoid long headlines and do not divide headlines into syllables at the ends of lines.

Avoid loose Headings to appear at the bottom of a page.

HEADING 1

To indicate the major sections of your paper, use Heading 1. These sections should be numbered. For example, Heading 1 is used for the following section headings in these Instructions: Introduction, text, summary, etc.

The style for Heading 1 is ARIAL 10 POINT BOLD ALL CAPS with a 5 mm (0.2 in) hanging indent to accommodate the number and 3 point spacing after the heading. In addition, leave one carriage return (in Normal style) before the heading. Begin typing the text in the line beneath the heading.

Heading 2

To denote logical subsections of major sections, if any, use Heading 2. Number the subsections accordingly. In these instructions, for example, the subsections of Section 3 are numbered 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, etc.

The style for Heading 2 is Arial 10 point bold with a 7.5 mm (0.3 in) hanging indent to accommodate the number and 3 point spacing before and after the heading. Begin typing the text in the line beneath the heading.

Heading 3

To denote further divisions of a subsection, if relevant, use Heading 3. These divisions are not numbered. The style for Heading 3 is Arial 10 point italic justified to the left margin, with 3 point spacing before and after the heading. Begin typing the text in the line beneath the heading. The heading of this section (Heading 3) is an example of the Heading 3 style.

Text

Terminology and Symbols

Authors should use approved terminology and symbols, which are relevant for their research area. Keep it consistent through the complete document.

Style

The following list summarises several important points of style in order to get a good style in the paper:

Use bold or italic for emphasis, but keep its use to a minimum. Avoid using underlining in your paper.

Use a consistent spelling style throughout the paper (US or UK English).

Use single quotes (‘single quotes’).

Use %, not percent (except in figure legends).

Do not use ampersands (&) except as part of the official name of an organisation or company.

Keep hyphenation to a minimum. Do not hyphenate ‘coordinate’ or ‘non’ words, such as ‘nonlinear’.

Do not end headings with full stops and do not syllabify a heading, let it go on to lines instead.

Do not start a sheadings with no paragraph after at the foot of a column or with only one line of text below. Put the heading on the next column or page.

Leave one character space after all punctuation.

Mathematic text and equations

Equations should be justified to the left margin and numbered at the right margin. Leave 6 points before and 6 points after the equation, as indicated in the Equation style on the Word template.

(1)

For equation font sizes, use 9 point for full size, 7 point for subscript and superscript, and 5 point for sub-subscript and sub-superscript.

Use italics for variables (u); bold for vectors (no arrows) (u); bold italic for variable vectors (u) and capital bold italic (U) for variable matrices. Use ith, jth, nth, not ith, jth, nth. The order of brackets should be {[()]}, except where brackets have special significance.

Lists

Single space list items with no extra space between the lines. Mark each item with a solid bullet ‘•’ or with an Arabic numeral followed by a full stop, e.g., 1. 2. 3. and so on. Be consistent in marking list items.

Refer to Section 4.1 for an example of a bulleted list. Following is an example of a numbered list:

1.	For complete or near complete sentences begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop.

2.	For short phrases, start with lower case letters and end with semicolons.

3.	Do not capitalise or punctuate single items.

4.	Use a colon to introduce the list.

Figures and tables

General appearance

Make sure that all figures, tables, graphs and line drawings are clear and sharp and of the highest quality. Lines should be thick enough to allow proper reproduction. Also in figures: use embedded arial font type only.

Diagrams, graphics and photographs should be in gray scale or in colour of excellent quality with good contrast.

When preparing figures and tables, make sure that all lettering inside the figure is no smaller than the specified size of the paper text, i.e., 10 point. Do not include any headlines in the diagrams, graphics or tables. All headlines should be written separately. See the examples below. Do not use different colours in diagrams. If you use a bar graph, please use a pattern that will appear clearly in black and white. Use different patterns instead of colours, as the colours will not provide sufficient contrast when printed in black and white.

If necessary add a source below the diagram. Do not add any kind of background color in the graph. The background should always be white.

Numbering, captions and positioning

Number the figures separately from the maps and tables e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3; Table 1, Table 2, Table 3. Map 1, Map 2, Map 3 etc. Use (a), (b), (c) to distinguish individual subjects in a composite figure. See Figures 1 and 2 for examples of figure and caption placement. Refer to Table 2 for an example of a table centred across two columns.

Each figure and each table should have a caption. Captions should be centred at the foot of the figure and typed in the same 10 point font used in the paper. Begin the caption with a capital letter and end with a full stop. Always refer to figures as ‘Figure’ and not Fig. Place the figure or table on the text page as close to the relevant citation as possible, preferably at the top of a column. If a figure or table is too large to fit into one column, it may be centred across both columns at the top or the bottom of the page. Make sure that it does not extend into the page margins. Below are some examples how it may look and where to put the figure and table text above or below the figure.

(a) (b)

Figure 1. Example of picture inserted in the paper.

Figure 2. Diagram of the system.

Figure 3 is an example of a figure with the headline above the figure.

Country	65–79	Over 80
Females	Males	Females	Males
Sweden	45	34	15	9
United Kingdom	34	25	10	5
France	45	38	19	11
Germany	28	32	21	17
Spain	31	24	19	12

Table 1 is an example of how a table or figure may be placed in a column, preferably in the beginning of a column.

summary

The summary may be placed in the beginning of the article or in the end before the references.

References

List the references at the end of the paper, in alphabetical order or in order of citation.

Number the references chronologically: [1] [2] [3]. Cite the references in the body of the paper using the number in square brackets [1]. All references listed must be cited, and all cited references must be included in the reference list.

The reference list should be set in the same typeface as the body of the text. Use a hanging indent of 7.5 mm (0.3 in) to accommodate the numbers. Each citation should be followed by a full stop. Use the style ‘References’ on the Word template.

The format for references could be is as the following examples:

The Harvard system

Last name, initial, year of publication, full paper title, journal name, volume, first and last page. Use only common abbreviations in journal names.

[1]	Sundin, J., Willner, S. 2004, Health and Vulnerable Men. Sweden: From Traditional Farming to Industrialisation in Hygiea Internationalis Vol. 4, Issue 1, 175–203. Linköpings universitet.

[2]	Nelson, Marie, 1988, Bitter bread. The famine in Norrbotten 1867–1868. Studia historica Upsaliensia, Uppsala universitet.

The Oxford system

Last name, first name, full paper title, journal name, volume, first and last page, year of publication

[1]	Sundin, J., Willner, S. “Health and Vulnerable Men. Sweden: From Traditional Farming to Industrialisation” in Hygiea Internationalis Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp. 175–203. Linköpings universitet 2004.

[2]	Nelson, Marie. Bitter bread. The famine in Norrbotten 1867–1868. Studia historica Upsaliensia, Uppsala universitet, 1988.

Acknowledgement

The acknowledgement can include reference to grants, colleagues, institutions etc. important for the support, research and writing the paper.

HEADING 1	Heading 2	Heading 3
Font	Arial or Helvetica 10 point	Arial or Helvetica 10 point	Arial or Helvetica 10 point
Style	BOLD ALL CAPS	Bold	Italic
Numbering	1, 2, 3, ....	1.1, 1.2, 1.3, ...	None
Spacing	Single-spaced, 3 points after, Normal carriage return before	Single-spaced, 3 points before, 3 points after	Single-spaced, 3 points before, 3 points after

Table 2: Example of table centred across two columns.