Publicerad: 2008-05-20
ISBN:
ISSN: 1650-3686 (tryckt), 1650-3740 (online)
National museums in the late 19th and early 20th century of Turkish history can be interpreted as conflicting paradigms between the binary concepts of West and East; modern and traditional; patron and architect; and theory and practice. In this paper; I would like to explore within these dualities how first museum buildings functioned as a formative space or a vehicle for visualizing power; collective memory; identity; and historical heritage in two different contexts during the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish nation-state. In that sense; what I will attempt to analyze is the themes such as how Western concepts of archaeology and national museums relate to the creation of the first imperial museum during the late Ottoman period and the first national museum during the early Republican era; how national museums were constructed differently with the changes in political system – empire or nation-state; how history; archaeology and museums were utilized and represented as part of political strategies such as modernization or nationalism; how and to what extent the architectural design of museums contributed to the narrative of national museum; in other words; how the representation of the past coincided with architectural features of these museums. What kind of a relationship can be established between the contents of the first museum of the Ottoman Empire and its architectural style; and how were the objects displayed integrated with the narration and spatial formulation of the museum? I will also discuss the underlying reasons for adopting a particular architectural style for the museum building; its harmony with its environment; and compatibility of interior and exterior of the museum building; who the patrons and the clients were in the building of a national museum; what kind of power the intelligentsia had in this process; and to what extent the collections; building and location of the museums contributed to the formation of collective memory and identity; considering whether the collections of the museums; the museum buildings themselves and their visuality are the instruments of display or not.
Osman Hamdi Bey Kongresi: Bildiriler (2-5 Ekim 1990). Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi Yayinlari.
Akpolat; Mustafa Servet. 1991. Fransiz Kökenli Levanten Mimar Alexandre Vallaury; Basilmamis Doktora Tezi; Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
Altan Ergut; E. 2003. "(Re)Forming the Collective Memory: The Modern Museum in Early Republican Turkey"; Spaces and Memories. 2nd Mediterranean Congress of Aesthetics; Tunisia.
Arik; Remzi Oguz. 1953. Türk Müzeciligine Bir Bakis; Istanbul: Milli Egitim Basimevi.
Aslanoglu; Inci. 1986. “Evaluation of Architectural Developments in Turkey within the Socio-Economic and Cultural Framework of the 1923-38 Period”; METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture; Vol.(7)2; pp.15-41.
Batur; Afife. “Batililasma Döneminde Osmanli Mimarligi”; Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e Türkiye Ansiklopedisi; Ayhan Matbaacilik; pp.1038-1067.
Bennett; Tony. 1995. The Birth of the Museums: History; Theory and Politics; London and New York: Routledge.
Cezar; Mustafa. 1995. Sanatta Batiya Açilis ve Osman Hamdi I; II; Istanbul:Erol Kerim Aksoy Kültür; Egitim; Spor ve Saglik Vakfi Yayini.
Çelik; Zeynep. 1998. Degisen Istanbul: 19. Yüzyilda Osmanli Baskenti; Istanbul: Tarih Vakfi.
Duncan; Carol. 1995. Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums; London and New York: Routledge.
Gerçek; Ferruh. 1999. Türk Müzeciligi; Ankara: Kültür Bakanligi Yayinlari.
Giebelhausen; Michaela. 2003. “Introduction: The Architecture of the Museum- Symbolic Structures; Urban Contexts”. In Michaela Giebelhausen (ed.); The Architecture of the Museum: Symbolic Structures; Urban Contexts; Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press; pp. 1-14.
Gordon; Colin. 1980. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977/ Michel Foucault; Brighton; Sussex: Harvester Press.
Greenhill; Eilean Hooper. 1992. Museums and the Shaping of Knowledge; London and New York: Routledge.
Kezer; Zeynep. 2000. “Familiar Things in Strange Places: Ankara’s Ethnography Museum and the Legacy of Islam in Republican Turkey”; Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture; Vol. 8; People; Power; Places; pp. 101-116.
Madran; Burçak & Sebnem Önal. 2000. “Yerellikten Küresellige Uzanan Çizgide Tarihin Çokpaylasimli Vitrinleri: Müzeler ve Sunumlari”; Müzecilikte Yeni Yaklasimlar: Küresellesme ve Yerellesme; Istanbul: Tarih Vakfi; pp.170-186.
Mumford; Lewis. 1975. The City in History; Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Shaw; Wendy M.K. 2004. Osmanli Müzeciligi: Müzeler; Arkeoloji ve Tarihin Görselestirilmesi; Istanbul: Iletisim Yayinlari.
Trachtenberg; Marvin and Isabelle Hyman. 2002. Architecture; from Prehistory to Postmodernity; Upper Saddle River; N.J: Prentice-Hall.
Yavuz; Yildirim & Süha Özkan. 1984. “The Final Years of the Ottoman Empire”. In Renata Holod and Ahmet Evin (eds.). Modern Turkish Architecture; Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; pp.34-50.
Yavuz; Yildirim & Süha Özkan. 1984. “Finding National Idiom: The First National Style”. In Renata Holod and Ahmet Evin (eds.). Modern Turkish Architecture; Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; pp.51-67.
Yücel; Erdem.1999. Türkiyede Müzecilik; Istanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayinlari.
