Conference article

One question raised in this exploratory work with focus on how assure that the Additive Manufacture, AM, let’s say 3D printing, produced part fits all the requirements, to fulfil the demands of warranty and performance to assure the proper operation of the system in that this part is included and how to perform the traceability of them. Some other important points in this discussion, regarding the digital files and the parts produced from those files or by files produced from scanned 3D parts, include among others: Copyright and Patent issues, Licensing private or Public (GPL), Creative Commons (CC). Other important topics are about customer adapted production, support licenses i.e. the AM techniques recommend by the supplier of the system to produce a specific part to fulfil the requirements of the system. Traceability of this production and Digital Right Management (DRM) since suppliers are demanded regarding the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) and Export Administration Regulations (EAR). Embargo statements frequently are needed for humanitarian and geopolitical reasons and ensure the fulfilling dimension and scope and demands of an embargo sanction are a trick challenge. The AM could be an opportunity or a threat in this issue. The point surrounding the 4.0 industry is how to define and control the permission to copy and some kind traceability of the produced goods e.g. IoT and “IP or DOI mark”, but the ontology logical data and right technological and legal model must be defined. However, if those goods, the spare parts or additional ones, will not be controlled, they potentially could be produced by the entity or nation under embargoes sanctions or some undisclosed ally. The other concerns regarding AM solutions are about software to control in some extent the production of some good and with the possibility that the supplier of the product restrict the production at the buyer as an undeclared embargo, one option is private blockchain key shared by the supplier of the technology able to be AM, the customer and a trusted third part.

defense-aerospace, additive manufacture, intellectual property, ontology